TheEmancipationProclamation
亞伯拉罕·林肯/AbrahamLincoln
亞伯拉罕·林肯（1809—1865），美國第十六屆總統。出生在肯塔基州一個農民家庭。從7歲開始就幫助父母放牛、耕地和打柴。當過雇農、船夫、小店舖裡的夥計，後來又當過鄉村郵遞員和土地測量員。他一生在學校學習的時間加起來不到一年，但是他刻苦勤學，通過自學成為一位博學的人。他先後任過州議員、律師、眾議員，並於1856年加入共和黨。他反對奴隸制度，認為奴隸制度違反自由平等原則。但他又不是廢奴隸主義者，他只是要求限制奴隸制向西部擴張。任內發表了《解放宣言》，提出「民有、民治、民享」的口號，並領導人民投入南北戰爭，重新統一了美國。1864年連任總統。1865年4月14日被南方奴隸主反對派指使的暴徒殺害。
AceintheHole
Understandthesenewwordsbeforeyoulistentothisarticle.
1.countervailingadj.補償的；彌補的；抵消的
2.testimonyn.(法庭上證人的)證詞；證明，證據
3.aforesaidadj.上述的，前述的(常用於法律文件)
4.thenceforwardadv.從那時，其後
Whereas,onthe22nddayofSeptember,A.D.1862,aproclamationwasissuedbythePresidentoftheUnitedStates,containing,amongotherthings,thefollowing,towit:
「Thatonthe1stdayofJanuary,A.D.1863,allpersonsheldasslaveswithinanyState,ordesignatedpartofaState,thepeoplewhereofshallthenbeinrebellionagainsttheUnitedStates,shallbethen,thenceforward,andforeverfree;andtheExecutiveGovernmentoftheUnitedStates,includingthemilitaryandnavalauthoritythereof,willrecognizeandmaintainthefreedomofsuchpersons,andwilldonoactoractstorepresssuchpersons,oranyofthem,inanyeffortstheymaymakefortheiractualfreedom.」
「ThattheExecutivewill,onthe1stdayofJanuaryaforesaid,byproclamation,designatetheStatesandpartsofStates,ifany,inwhichthepeoplethereof,respectively,shallthenbeinrebellionagainsttheUnitedStates;andthefactthatanyStateorthepeoplethereofshallonthatdaybeingoodfaithrepresentedintheCongressoftheUnitedStatesbymemberschosentheretoatelectionswhereinamajorityofthequalifiedvotersofsuchStatesshallhaveparticipatedshall,intheabsenceofstrongcountervailingtestimony,bedeemedconclusiveevidencethatsuchStateandthepeoplethereofarenottheninrebellionagainsttheUnitedStates.」
Now,therefore,I,AbrahamLincoln,PresidentoftheUnitedStates,byvirtueofthepowerinmevestedasCommander-In-ChiefoftheArmyandNavyoftheUnitedStatesintimeofactualarmedrebellionagainsttheauthorityandgovernmentoftheUnitedStates,andasafitandnecessarywarmeasureforsupressingsaidrebellion,do,onthis1stdayofJanuary,A.D.1863,andinaccordancewithmypurposesotodo,publiclyproclaimedforthefullperiodofonehundreddaysfromthedayfirstabovementioned,orderanddesignateastheStatesandpartsofStateswhereinthepeoplethereof,respectively,arethisdayinrebellionagainsttheUnitedStatesthefollowing,towit:
「Arkansas,Texas,Louisiana(excepttheparishesofSt.Bernard,Palquemines,Jefferson,St.John,St.Charles,St.James,Ascension,Assumption,TerreBone,Lafourche,St.Mary,St.MartinandOrleans,includingthecityofNewOrleans),Mississippi,Alabama,Florida,Georgia,SouthCarolina,NorthCarolinaandVirginia(excepttheforty-eightcountiesdesignatedasWestVirginia,andalsothecountiesofBerkeley,Accomac,Northhampton,ElizabethCity,York,PrincessAnneandNorfolk,includingthecitiesofNorfolkandPortsmouth),andwhichexceptedpartsareforthepresentleftpreciselyasifthisproclamationwerenotissued.」