BondmenandFreemen
約翰·保爾/JohnBall
約翰·保爾(?—1381),英國傳教士與社會改革家。原為肯特郡神父,因宣傳無階級社會,抨擊社會不公,反對教會和封建領主,1366年被坎特伯雷大主教開除教籍。但他的反叛精神絲毫不減,依然在市場或任何可能的場合進行說教,被上層人物咒為「肯特郡瘋牧師」。1376年起屢遭監禁。1381年泰勒農民起義爆發後,他加入並領導起義隊伍前往倫敦。沿途發表演說,呼籲殺盡貴族和主教,應者甚眾,被起義農民譽為「平民演說家」。起義失敗後不幸被捕,慘遭絞刑。
AceintheHole
Understandthesenewwordsbeforeyoulistentothisarticle.
1.oppressionn.壓迫,壓制;壓抑,鬱悶
2.despatchv.派遣
3.bethinkv.考慮,開始想;(被)想起,提醒
4.nobilityn.貴族階層;高貴,高尚,崇高
5.dignityn.莊嚴,端莊,尊嚴;高尚,尊貴,高貴
WhenAdamdelvedandEvespan,whowasthenthegentleman?
Fromthebeginningallmenbynaturewerecreatedalike,andourbondageorservitudecameinbytheunjustoppressionofnaughtymen.ForifGodwouldhavehadanybondmenfromthebeginning,hewouldhaveappointedwhoshouldbebond,andwhofree.AndthereforeIexhortyoutoconsiderthatnowthetimeiscome,appointedtousbyGod,inwhichyemay(ifyewill)castofftheyokeofbondage,andrecoverliberty.Icounselyouthereforewelltobethinkyourselves,andtotakegoodheartsuntoyou,thatafterthemannerofagoodhusbandthattillethhisground,andriddethoutthereofsuchevilweedsaschokeanddestroythegoodcorn,youmaydestroyfirstthegreatlordsoftherealm,andafter,thejudgesandlawyers,andquestmongers,andallotherwhohaveundertakentobeagainstthecommons.Forsoshallyouprocurepeaceandsuretytoyourselvesintimetocome;andbydespatchingoutofthewaythegreatmen,thereshallbeanequalityinliberty,andnodifferenceindegreesofnobility;butalikedignityandequalauthorityinallthingsbroughtinamongyou.
參考譯文
亞當和夏娃男耕女織時,又有誰是紳士呢?
上帝造人之初,把所有的人都造得彼此相同,我們被束縛、奴役,都是萬惡之人不公正的壓搾帶來的。因為如果上帝一開始就要創造奴隸,他必定會指定誰為奴隸,誰該享有自由。因此我勸你們考慮,上帝為我們指定的時刻現已到來,現在(只要你們願意)就可以擺脫身上的枷鎖,重獲自由了。因此我建議你們深思,鼓足勇氣,就像一個精明的農夫,先耕耘田地,再拔除扼殺莊稼的惡草一樣,你們也可以先消滅國王的大貴族,然後清除那些法官、律師、探子和一切與平民百姓作對的人。只有這樣,在未來的某一天,你們才能獲得和平與安寧。除掉那些大人物後,就能得到平等自由,不會再有高低貴賤的等級差別。你們將得到在一切事物上的同等尊嚴和權威。
PracticingforBetterLearning
Listentothearticleagain,andanswerthequestionsbelow.
Statethecredendummentionedinthearticleasmuchaspossible.
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ChunksinPractice
Listentothearticleoncemore,andfillintheblankswithappropriate
words.
1.Fromthebeginningallmenbynaturewerecreated__________,andour
bondageorservitudecameinbythe__________oppressionofnaughtymen.
2.And__________Iexhortyoutoconsiderthatnowthetimeiscome,appointed
tousbyGod,inwhichyemay(ifyewill)__________theyokeofbondage,and
recoverliberty.
NowaTry
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishwiththeexpressionsin
thearticle.
1.他難以與這個孩子建立親屬關係。
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2.希望你盡快從這場災難中恢復過來。
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3.他主動承擔了修復大樓的工作。